HBA1c test stands for glycosylated hemoglobin test. This test helps in measuring the average blood sugar levels over the past 2- 3 months. This test may be used to check the risk of diabetes or pre diabetes in adults. The ranges of the HBA1c test are Normal- Below 5.7% Pre-Diabetes- Between 5.7% to 6.4% Diabetes- 6.5% or higher

For a non-diabetic person, a blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dl is considered as normal. Your fasting blood sugar level should be in the range of 70-100 mg/dl and your blood sugar average should be 120mg/dl.

Type-1 diabetes is insulin deficient and type-2 diabetes is insulin resistant. In type-1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make or produce insulin. The person’s own immune system destroys the insulin making cells i.e., beta cells in the pancreas causing high blood sugar levels and the person has to be insulin dependent. Whereas In Type-2 Diabetes, it is caused due to insulin resistance where the person’s pancreas is making too much insulin and try to get into the cells but the body’s cells does not respond and become resistant to insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

When a lot of blood sugar enters the blood stream, the pancreas releases more insulin to get this blood sugar into the body cells but over the time, body’s cells stop responding to all that insulin and become insulin resistant. This condition is called insulin resistance. And as the pancreas goes into the over drive mode for long, the over working pancreas gradually over the period of time loses its ability to produce insulin and the blood sugar levels keeps rising up.